A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
The most popular form of signal transmission used in modern industrial…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry,…
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure.…
An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus…
