At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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