Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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