Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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