Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to the size of a three-dimensional space. To…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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