Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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