Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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