The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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