Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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