A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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