Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
Textbook
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
Textbook
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
Textbook
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
Textbook
Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
Textbook
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
Textbook
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
Textbook
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
Textbook
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
Textbook
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
Textbook
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
Textbook
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
Textbook
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
Textbook
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
Textbook
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin