Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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