Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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