The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
Textbook
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
Textbook
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
Textbook
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
Textbook
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
Textbook
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
Textbook
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
Textbook
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
Textbook
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
Textbook
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
Textbook
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
Textbook
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
Textbook
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
Textbook
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
Textbook
A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin