A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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