Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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