A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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