Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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A flow switch is one that detects the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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