“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in…
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have…
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given…
At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols…
