“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations…
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium…
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry,…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation…
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad…
