“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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