“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits…
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry,…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down…
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is…
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
All substances are comprised of various elements in various…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first…
Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice.…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some…
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good…
