“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and…
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to…
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
A pressure switch is one detecting the presence of fluid pressure.…
