An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog…
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the…
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on…
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
