Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good reason. The traditional approach to…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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