Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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