A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
Textbook
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
Textbook
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
Textbook
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
Textbook
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
Textbook
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
Textbook
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
Textbook
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
Textbook
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
Textbook
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
Textbook
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
Textbook
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
Textbook
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
Textbook
There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
Textbook
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
Textbook
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
Textbook
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
Textbook
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin