The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Like many other mathematical operations, the derivative and the integral perform inverse operations from each…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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