“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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