A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are universal. Waves of water in the ocean,…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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