A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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