Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic…
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within…
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and…
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types:…
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing…
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits.…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet)…
A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
