A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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