In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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