A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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