Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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