Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and…
The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement…
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or…
