The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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