A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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A flow switch is one that detects the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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