Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on…
A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly…
The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain…
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC…
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many…
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the…
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
