A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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An important legacy technology for all kinds of continuous measurement is the self-balancing system. A…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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