One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
Textbook
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
Textbook
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
Textbook
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
Textbook
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
Textbook
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
Textbook
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
Textbook
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
Textbook
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
Textbook
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
Textbook
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
Textbook
Textbook
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
Textbook
All substances are comprised of various elements in various combinations and proportions. Elements may thus be…
Textbook
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
Textbook
Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
Textbook
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
Textbook
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin