The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
Textbook
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
Textbook
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic and control functions, acting as logic…
Textbook
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
Textbook
The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
Textbook
Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
Textbook
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
Textbook
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
Textbook
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
Textbook
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
Textbook
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
Textbook
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
Textbook
In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
Textbook
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
Textbook
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
Textbook
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
Textbook
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
Textbook
Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
Textbook
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
Textbook
A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
Textbook
Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
Textbook
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
Textbook
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin