A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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