Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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A flow switch is one that detects the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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