In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
Textbook
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
Textbook
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
Textbook
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
Textbook
It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
Textbook
What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
Textbook
Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
Textbook
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
Textbook
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
Textbook
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
Textbook
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
Textbook
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
Textbook
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
Textbook
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
Textbook
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin