Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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