Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed to behave as electrical loads rather…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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