Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
Textbook
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
Textbook
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
Textbook
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or P&ID. Here, we see a “zooming…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
Textbook
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
Textbook
Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
Textbook
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
Textbook
A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
Textbook
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
Textbook
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
Textbook
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
Textbook
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
Textbook
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
Textbook
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
Textbook
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin