Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is…
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I…
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
