Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973,…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which…
In some process applications, it is important that the control valve…
The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created…
The next level of detail is the Process and Instrument Diagram, or…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice.…
This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph,…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
Area refers to the size of two-dimensional surface. Volume refers to…
Circuit breakers are the “final control elements” of the…
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal…
Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on…
The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation…
Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice.…
