A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic…
Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with…
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I…
To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not…
Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on…
Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer…
Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
One very convenient feature of waves is that their properties are…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate,…
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process…
All substances are comprised of various elements in various…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an…
Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which…
One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
