Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of Isaac Newton) deal with forces and motions…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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