To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very important parameter for a wide variety of…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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The majority of flowmeter technologies operate on the principle of interpreting fluid flow based on the…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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