A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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