In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world…
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract…
Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job…
A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
The advent of “smart” field instruments containing…
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying…
Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here,…
One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC…
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
First, let us review some of the properties of differentials and…
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its…
An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
