Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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