A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical reaction. It is an expression of the Law…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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