Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving activity it is own right. The problem is how…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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