Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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Capacitive level instruments measure electrical capacitance of a conductive rod inserted vertically into a…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for the purpose of measuring and/or…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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