In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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This animation shows the basic operation of a gas chromatograph, showing the separation of different molecular…
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