In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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