Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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The electrical conductivity of liquids is an important analytical measurement in many industrial processes.…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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