“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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A hand switch is exactly what the name implies: an electrical switch actuated by a person’s hand motion.…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass density (\(\rho\)), cross-sectional pipe area…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass a fixed volume of fluid through with…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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