“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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The following animation shows the calculus concepts of differentiation and integration (with respect to time)…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment (if necessary) of an instrument’s…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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