“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A variety of technologies exist to measure the quantity of stored material in a vessel. For liquid…
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Solids tend to expand when heated. The amount that a solid sample will expand with increased temperature…
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Learn about Modbus function codes, the structure of Modbus message packets, and the various types of channels used to transmit Modbus telegrams between controllers.
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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