To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this:…
There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the…
Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position…
A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct…
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the…
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for…
Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in…
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a…
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs…
A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a…
There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an…