Constructing PID control systems using discrete components is a…
An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer…
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than…
There are many process control applications in the industry where it…
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop…
As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and…
Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit…
“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy…
Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the…
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability…
A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to…
The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and…
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either…
“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a…
Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of…
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This…
Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment…
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive…
