An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
Textbook
These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates some form of final control element…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
Textbook
In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
Textbook
An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
Textbook
A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
Textbook
Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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The following photograph shows a large air blower in a wastewater treatment facility equipped with a…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
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A flow switch is one that detects the flow of some fluid through a pipe. Flow switches often use…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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