I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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A bridge circuit is basically a pair of voltage dividers where the circuit output is taken as the difference…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Light has long been used as a long-range signaling medium. While communication by light through open air is…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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There is much to be said for neatness of assembly in electrical signal wiring. Even though the electrons…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Many years ago, when I was first learning about electricity, I happened to discover a length of coaxial…
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Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy technical acronyms to slang terms…
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A completely different way of measuring liquid level in vessels is to bounce a traveling wave off the surface…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Modern analog-to-digital converters are phenomenally accurate, dependable, repeatable, and surprisingly…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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