RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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Regulating the electric power sent to an electric motor is a task performed by high-speed switching…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called exothermic. Conversely, a chemical reaction…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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“Radio” systems use electromagnetic fields to communicate information over long distances through…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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