RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
Textbook
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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For better or worse, there are no fewer than three different forms of PID equations implemented in modern PID…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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