RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Certain types of nuclear radiation easily penetrates the walls of industrial vessels, but is attenuated by…
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