RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial service are self-tripping devices: they…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Nearly every technical course teaches and tests students on definitions, basic concepts, and at least some…
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Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow. In the case…
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The following animation shows a rotating phasor in three-dimensional form. The phasor rotates in a complex…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
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Capacitance Any two electrical conductors separated by an insulating medium possess the characteristic called…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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