As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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The final element of PID control is the “D” term, which stands for derivative. This is a calculus…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they serve much the same purpose in process…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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