As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise positioning of a control valve, there…
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Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent molecules split into positively and…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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