DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
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The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and digital) come equipped with a feature known…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types: displacement, velocity, and acceleration.…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC circuitry. Principally used to…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to ensure the input and output of an…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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