By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
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Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an “unswitched” or…
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Weight-based level instruments sense process level in a vessel by directly measuring the weight of the vessel.…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only share the exact same frequency (color)…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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