A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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The vast majority of PID controllers in service today are digital in nature. Microprocessors executing PID…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but principles are few. The man who grasps…
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Electrical Resistance Resistance (\(R\)) is the dissipative opposition to an electric current, analogous to…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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There are multiple motives for compromising the security of an industrial control system, some of which…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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