Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One…
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry,…
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
The transformer is one of the most important components in all of AC…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in…
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…
A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is…
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…