Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in industry is the differential…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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To show a practical process example, let’s examine three diagrams for a compressor control system,…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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A simple control system drawn in block diagram form looks like this: Information from the measuring device…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern: Fieldbus is a powerful and reliable…
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Instrument technicians should not have to concern themselves over the programming details internal to digital…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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