Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
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Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function optimally in challenging process…
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An important design parameter of a control valve is the position it will “fail” to if it loses…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard for programming, there does exist an…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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The simple PLC ladder diagram (LD) commands consist of contacts and coils, arranged in sequences that mimic…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing element is a pressure-tight sheath known as…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
Textbook
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors throughout the book, mostly repeated…
Textbook
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
Textbook
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of process fluid flow rate over a wide…
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Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require some form of seal allowing motion of the…
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Sometimes we encounter a diversity of instrument signal standards in one control system. Such is the case with…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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