An engineer named Bob Metcalfe conceived the idea of Ethernet in 1973, while working for the Xerox research…
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In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to negative-feedback operational amplifier…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Earlier in this chapter you were shown a model of a nitrogen atom with a dense nucleus (comprised of protons…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
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While the term “probability” may evoke images of imprecision, probability is in fact an exact…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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A form of protection against faults on long-distance power lines is called distance relaying, so named because…
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