In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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Finally, we arrive at the loop diagram (sometimes called a loop sheet) for the compressor surge control system…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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In November of 2007 a new computer virus was submitted to a virus scanning service. The purpose of this new…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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A fundamental principle in instrumentation system troubleshooting is that every instrument has at least one…
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The key to understanding how three-phase electric motors work is to have an accurate mental picture of the…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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An electromechanical relay is an electrical switch actuated by an electromagnet coil. As switching devices,…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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It is often useful to express the amplitude of an alternating quantity such as voltage or current in terms…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the lower-level electrons from its shell,…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Several different technologies exist for the conversion of fluid pressure into an electrical signal response.…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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