An variable-area flowmeter is one where the fluid must pass through a restriction whose area increases with…
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Atom: the smallest unit of matter that may be isolated by chemical means. Particle: a part of an atom,…
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The advent of “smart” field instruments containing microprocessors has been a great advance for…
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Labwork is an essential part of any science-based curriculum. Here, much improvement may be made over the…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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A temperature switch is one detecting the temperature of some substance. Temperature switches often use…
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Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net sum of energy, as opposed to an…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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Coy, John J. et. al. (December 2012) Sampled graphic illustrations from his NASA Reference Publication…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of air flow required to or from the actuator…
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In contrast to quantitative tuning procedures where definite numerical values for P, I, and D controller…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief summary of each term within PID (P. I, and…
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The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all the way back to the 17th century with…
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The term “grid” refers to the conductors and equipment interconnecting power sources to power…
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Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject matter of this chapter, given for the…
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