The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass…
Sensors used to measure vibration come in three basic types:…
Self-balancing pneumatic instrument mechanisms are very similar to…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on…
Tube, like pipe, is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed…
A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism…
Linearity of Measurement Instruments The purpose of calibration is to…
To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other…
Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to…
The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the…
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass…
All substances are comprised of various elements in various…
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
Cyber-security seems to have its own vocabulary, ranging from unwieldy…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry,…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
A laser is a light source emitting waves of light that not only…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad…
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its…
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions…
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…