In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
Textbook
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
Textbook
Calculus. Few areas of mathematics are as powerfully useful in describing and analyzing the physical…
Textbook
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
Textbook
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions monitor line current magnitude and guard…
Textbook
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
Textbook
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to scientific reasoning. There exists no…
Textbook
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system, while a load is a device extracting…
Textbook
Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
Textbook
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
Textbook
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Textbook
Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
Textbook
In order to provide an interface between the internal (digital) world of a computer and the external (analog)…
Textbook
A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
Textbook
Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
Textbook
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
Textbook
Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
Textbook
Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
Textbook
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
Textbook
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
Textbook
This section does not describe a particular type of flowmeter, but rather a design that may be implemented for…
Textbook
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
Textbook
Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
Textbook
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety may be broadly divided into two…
Textbook
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
Textbook
Electrical power grids primarily consist of three-phase AC circuits. This means most power lines (transmission…
Textbook
Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
Textbook
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
Textbook
pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
Textbook
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
Textbook
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
Textbook
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for legacy electromechanical protective relays,…
Textbook
As we have seen, feedforward control is a way to improve the stability of a feedback control system in the…
Textbook
Disconnect Switches Disconnects are switches designed to isolate sections of a power system in case of damage…
Textbook
A unique form of technical diagram for describing the abstract functions comprising a control system (e.g. PID…
Textbook
When I began teaching full-time in 1998, most of what I thought I understood about good teaching was actually…
Textbook
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems, involving mathematical calculations. In…
Textbook
Sample sizes of chemical substances are often measured in moles. One mole of a substance is defined as a…
Textbook
An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
Textbook
Developed by the Modicon company (the original manufacturer of the Programmable Logic Controller, or PLC) in…
Textbook
Facebook
Google
GitHub
Linkedin