“Polyphase” means “many phases,” describing a form of AC electrical system where…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess is the ability to efficiently diagnose…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A limit switch detects the physical motion of an object by direct contact with that object. An example of a…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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These fortifications focus on human behavior rather than system design or component selection. In some ways…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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Like many other mathematical operations, the derivative and the integral perform inverse operations from each…
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Those familiar with industrial instrumentation will find much within the electric power industry remarkably…
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Much of our knowledge about atomic structure comes from experimental data relating the interaction between…
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To summarize some of the key points and concepts for teaching: Do not waste class time transmitting facts to…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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A level switch is one detecting the level of liquid or solid (granules or powder) in a vessel. Level switches…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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The very purpose of physics is to quantitatively describe and explain the physical world in as few terms as…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Feedback Control System Components Before we begin our discussion on process control, we must define a few key…
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Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to detect liquid level by continuously…
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A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of system architecture and functionality. Some…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Converting between disparate units of measurement is the bane of many science students. The problem is worse…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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