DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function blocks. Sometimes these blocks serve merely to…
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Temperature measurement devices may be classified into two broad types: contact and non-contact. Contact-type…
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Every programmable logic controller must have some means of receiving and interpreting signals from real-world…
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In the United States, the ANSI and IEEE organizations have standardized a set of numerical codes referring to…
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As previously defined, calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so that its output…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is Ladder Diagram (LD), also known as…
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I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Any physical location in an industrial facility harboring the potential of explosion due to the presence of…
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A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves its own section in this flow…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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The three “elementary” particles of matter comprising all atoms are electrons, protons, and…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position corresponds linearly to the amount of air…
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