Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with a float: a device that rides on the…
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Light is known to interact with matter in very specific ways, which may be exploited as a means of measuring…
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The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the natural environment is to kill any harmful…
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To review, voltage is the measure of potential energy available to electric charges. Current is the uniform…
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A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic systems alike is the solenoid valve. A…
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A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its response to changes in setpoint and…
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A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control device generally used to throttle large…
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Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff in the year…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process Measurement and Analysis Volume I,…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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An electric motor is often used as a discrete control element in a control system if driving a pump, conveyor…
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Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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To understand just how different FOUNDATION Fieldbus is from other digital instrument systems, consider a…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog information over the same two wires using 4…
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Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause confusion for those first learning their fundamental…
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