I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering what it actually looked like. The first…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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Although analog electronic process controllers are considered a newer technology than pneumatic process…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not unlike measuring the flow rate of a liquid…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change shape and move under the influence of a…
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A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100 percent scale. Usually, this scale is…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration errors is an important function for…
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An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is something often referred to as turndown or…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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Any power grid large enough to meet the demand of an entire nation must have multiple generators drawing from…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Given the ability of pressurized fluids to transmit force over long distances, it is not surprising that many…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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