Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as described by the formula \(F = PA\). One…
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The Law of Mass Conservation states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. The Law of Energy…
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There are several different methods useful for causing an AC induction motor to brake, or slow down: DC…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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A whole class of problem-solving techniques focuses on altering the given problem into a simpler form that is…
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Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level measurement. These disturbances may result from…
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Learning is not merely a process of information transfer. It is first and foremost a transformation of…
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RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the application of an externally-sourced electric…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float directly sets…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation program illustrating the effectiveness…
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A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART, an acronym standing for Highway…
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A pressure switch is one that detects the presence of fluid pressure. Pressure switches often use diaphragms…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric current will create a magnetic field at…
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Steam boilers are very common in industry, principally because steam power is so useful. Common uses for steam…
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Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow rate of the moving fluid.…
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