Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the accumulation of one variable multiplied by another…
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DC electric motors generate torque by a reaction between two magnetic fields: one field established by…
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Suppose we wished to measure the consumption of propane over time for a large propane storage tank supplying a…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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A wise PLC programmer once told me that the first thing any aspiring programmer should learn about the PLC…
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Diagnostic ability is arguably the most difficult skill to develop within a student, and also the most…
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Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle detector coupled to a feedback bellows, while…
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As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere of high expectations. Sometimes these…
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The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to anyone familiar with both pneumatic and…
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An exciting development in industrial instrumentation is the WirelessHART radio communication standard,…
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A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This is similar to ratio control in that a…
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Virtually any mass above absolute zero temperature emits electromagnetic radiation (photons, or light) as a…
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A great many chemical composition measurements may be made indirectly by means of electricity, if those…
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