Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where temperature effects a change in electrical…
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In addition to Ohm’s Law, we have a set of rules describing how voltages, currents, and resistances…
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Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the definition of a sensor’s normal status.…
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So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and influence process variables. Transmitters,…
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Layer 1 of the OSI Reference Model is where we define the “physical” elements of a digital data…
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Flow, by definition, is the passage of material from one location to another over time. So far this chapter…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Human-machine interfaces, or HMIs, are a critical part of nearly all control systems, complementing the…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Phasors are to AC circuit quantities as polarity is to DC circuit quantities: a way to express the…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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A different strategy for controlling the flow of fluid is to insert a rotary element into the flow path.…
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