In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
It is possible to convey electrical power and communicate analog…
Fluid pressure exerts force on any surface area it contacts, as…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
A control strategy similar to ratio control is relation control. This…
RTDs are completely passive sensing elements, requiring the…
Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
To show a practical process example, let’s examine three…
Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and…
The reason why a pneumatic control valve’s stem position…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
A technological advance introduced in the late 1980’s was HART,…
In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical…
