Process measurements are often of an analog nature: the temperature of a furnace, the rate of fluid flow…
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Imagine a liquid-level control system for a vessel, where the position of a level-sensing float sets the…
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Suppose we wished to measure the rate of propane gas flow through a hose to a torch: Flowmeters appropriate…
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In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do more than just implement the PID…
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Most pneumatic instruments use a simple but highly sensitive mechanism for converting mechanical motion into…
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The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to represent the output of a process controller,…
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The following animation shows how the “rotating” magnetic field of a three-phase AC induction…
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One of the marks of a successful problem-solver is a habit of applying general principles to every new problem…
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Filled-bulb systems exploit the principle of fluid expansion to measure temperature. If a fluid is enclosed in…
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In some process applications, it is important that the control valve be able to completely stop fluid flow…
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Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square of voltage. Inductors store energy in…
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“Feedforward” is a rather under-used control strategy capable of managing a great many types of…
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Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of adjusting water temperature using two hand…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Every flow-measuring instrument exploits a physical principle to measure the flow rate of fluid stream.…
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DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process measurement information from transmitters…
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Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the diaphragm, and the bourdon tube. Each of these…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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Binary patterns are not just able to represent numerical values. Given a standardized code, they may represent…
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What is Calibration? To calibrate an instrument means to check and adjust (if necessary) its response so the…
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