The simplest form of 4-20 mA current loop is the type used to…
Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control.…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
In order for any PID controller to be practical, it must be able to do…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
“As to methods there may be a million and then some, but…
The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in…
As a general rule, high achievement only takes place in an atmosphere…
A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading…
While the term “probability” may evoke images of…
Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and…
Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in…
An important type of “accessory” relay, especially for…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
Self-balancing mechanisms consisting solely of a baffle/nozzle…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid…
By definition, a source is a device delivering energy into a system,…
In a manually-controlled process, a human operator directly actuates…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
A 4 to 20 mA current signal represents some signal along a 0 to 100…
First and foremost, you need to get your very own PLC to work with.…
The fundamental principle of electromagnetism is that an electric…
Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one…
The efficient identification and correction of instrument calibration…
When control valves operate between fully open and fully shut, they…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
Shown here is a partial listing of principles applied in the subject…
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
In the United States, the most common language used to program PLCs is…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
Calculus has a reputation for being difficult to learn, and with good…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
At the root of successful system diagnosis is a rigorous adherence to…
Capacitors store energy in electric fields, proportional to the square…
Stoichiometry is the accounting of atoms before and after a chemical…
Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those…
