(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
Like so many other industrial data networks, FOUNDATION Fieldbus is an…
Circuit breakers used in residential, commercial, and light industrial…
The final step in treating wastewater before releasing it into the…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
Measuring the flow rate of liquid through an open channel is not…
As defined previously, calibration means the comparison and adjustment…
So far we have just looked at instruments that sense, control, and…
I remember first learning about the world-wide Internet, and wondering…
Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic…
Negative feedback systems, in general, tend to cause much confusion…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the…
Mechanical pressure-sensing elements include the bellows, the…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is…
A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the…
A fundamental limitation of proportional control has to do with its…
An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit…
As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the…
Electromechanical relays may be connected together to perform logic…
AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic…
Process analyzers measure the concentration of specific substances for…
Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
DC electric current signals may also be used to communicate process…
Perhaps the most confusing aspect of discrete sensors is the…
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring…
A flow switch is one detecting the flow of some fluid through a pipe.…
Perhaps the most valuable skill an instrument technician can possess…
Feedback obtained from industrial users of FF reveal a common pattern:…
When a high-energy photon strikes an atom, it may eject one of the…
Programmable logic controllers are built to input various signal types…
The vast majority of modern process transmitters (both analog and…
Although it seems each model of PLC has its own idiosyncratic standard…
A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the…
Some self-powered (4-wire) analog electronic transmitters are designed…
As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the…
Many liquid substances undergo a process whereby their constituent…
