Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either preventable or repairable. These problems can…
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An extremely important topic in engineering is that of transfer functions. Simply defined, a transfer function…
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One of the fundamental laws of electric circuits is Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which states the algebraic…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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Perhaps the most important rule to obey when using pneumatic instruments is to maintain clean and dry…
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As we have seen, the concept of differentiation is finding the rate-of-change of one variable compared to…
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Thermodynamics is the study of heat, temperature, and their related effects in physical systems. As a subject,…
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A much simpler alternative to continuous vibration sensors (displacement or acceleration) and monitoring…
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Once while working as an instrument technician in an aluminum foundry, a mechanic asked me what it was that I…
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A number of different sensors used in instrumentation generate DC voltage signals proportional to the process…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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A very common method for directly controlling low flow rates of fluids is to use a device known as a metering…
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A vertical column of fluid generates a pressure at the bottom of the column owing to the action of gravity on…
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In modern industry, the most popular form of field-level signal transmission for variable industrial…
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There are many process control applications in the industry where it is desirable to have multiple control…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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Imagine a major marathon race, where hundreds of runners gather in one place to compete. When the starting gun…
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Visualizing the actions of P, I, and D tuning parameters using graphs is extremely useful in predicting the…
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