Much has been written about the benefits of robust PID control. Increased productivity, decreased equipment…
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Level gauges are perhaps the simplest indicating instrument for liquid level in a vessel. They are often found…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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Impedance in a series circuit is the orthogonal sum of resistance and reactance: \[Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L -…
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The purpose of a control valve actuator is to provide the motive force to operate a valve mechanism. Both…
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Since we often use electricity to convey energy from one location to another, it is important to be able to…
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A special type flowmeter suited for powdered or granular solids is the weighfeeder. One of the most common…
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Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly immersing the sensing element in that…
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Programmable logic controllers are essentially nothing more than special-purpose, industrial computers. As…
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A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to translate some form of energy into useful…
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pH is the measurement of the hydrogen ion activity in a liquid solution. It is one of the most common forms of…
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A powerful mathematical concept useful for analyzing practically any physical system – electrical…
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AC induction motors are based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field produced by a set of stationary…
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The following collection of photographs chronicles the complete disassembly of a Fisher E-body globe valve…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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As described earlier in this chapter, calibration refers to the adjustment of an instrument so its output…
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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At the next OSI Reference Model layer (layer 4) is a set of protocols specifying how reliable communication…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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