Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using electric motors as final control elements.…
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(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
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A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components designed to execute a specific…
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Learning how to tune PID controllers is a skill born of much practice. Regardless of how thoroughly you may…
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A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some object. By definition, these switches…
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One of the great benefits of digital technology is the ability to communicate vast amounts of information over…
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A great many precision instruments use the principle of balance to measure some quantity. Perhaps the simplest…
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Control strategies such as cascade, ratio, feedforward, and those containing limit and selector functions can…
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Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is overcurrent: commanding a circuit breaker to…
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Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with interfering gases is called positive filtering in…
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Any conductor possesses a characteristic called inductance: the ability to store energy in the form of a…
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Learning PLC programming is a very important skill. If your job involves programming, then you will likely…
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Pipe is a hollow structure designed to provide an enclosed pathway for fluids to flow, usually manufactured…
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A variety of problem-solving techniques have been presented for students over the years which are all helpful…
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Up until this point, we have explored various types of instrumentation diagram, each one making reference to…
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In our first signal characterization example, we tackle the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe. To…
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Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal relays or function blocks with the ability…
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To better understand the design and operation of self-balancing pneumatic mechanisms, it is helpful to examine…
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Most of these formulae appear in molecular chemical form rather than structural form. For example, ethanol…
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In addition to directly performing logic functions, electromechanical relays may also be used as interposing…
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