The two “process variables” we rely on most heavily in the field of electrical measurement and…
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Non-dispersive analysis, while newer in discovery than dispersive analysis (Isaac Newton’s 17th-century…
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The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult for new students of instrumentation to…
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Some of the simplest types of digital communication networks found in industry are defined by the EIA…
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An on/off valve is the fluid equivalent of an electrical switch: a device that either allows unimpeded flow or…
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All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in terms of the mass generating a reaction…
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In reliability engineering, it is important to be able to quantity the reliability (or conversely, the…
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The digital multimeter (DMM) is quite possibly the most useful tool in the instrument technician’s…
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An interesting parallel to the “unity fraction” unit conversion technique is something referred to…
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Fieldbus devices require far more attention in their initial setup and commissioning than their analog…
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A quantitative PID tuning procedure is a step-by-step approach leading directly to a set of numerical values…
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A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a linear motion. Some examples of…
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The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down and then up the waveguide of a guided-wave…
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A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a variable air pressure, compares that…
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This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in different types of technical diagrams used to…
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Perhaps the most important rule of controller tuning is to know the process before attempting to adjust the…
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Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a point of high potential to a point of low…
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A very simple device used to measure pressure is the manometer: a fluid-filled tube where an applied gas…
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Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The following mistakes are not intended to comprise…
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Three-phase AC is the dominant mode of electric power generation and distribution in modern societies.…
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