A Safety Instrumented Function, or SIF, is one or more components…
Some problem-solving techniques are unique to quantitative problems,…
As discussed at the beginning of this chapter, instrumentation safety…
Regardless of valve type, all stem-actuated control valves require…
Valve actuators provide force to move control valve trim. For precise…
The disadvantages of pneumatic instruments are painfully evident to…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
Displacer level instruments exploit Archimedes’ Principle to…
Multiple accessories exist for pressure-sensing devices to function…
As we have seen, the concept of integration is finding the…
Abdelaziz, Ahmed (June 2014) Identified numerous typographical errors…
Some analyzers measure the composition of a process stream by directly…
Another category of control strategies involves the use of signal…
A pneumatic controller receives a process variable (PV) signal as a…
Current is the name we give to the motion of electric charges from a…
A machine in the broad sense of the word is any device designed to…
A damper (otherwise known as a louvre) is a multi-element flow control…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
The Law of Continuity for fluids states that the product of mass…
A sliding-stem valve body is one where the moving parts slide with a…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
Volumes could be written about poor diagnostic technique. The…
Learning from reading printed text is a kind of problem-solving…
One of the most important accessories for any temperature-sensing…
While 50 and 51 (instantaneous and time overcurrent) relay functions…
Take for instance the problem of measuring fluid flow through a pipe.…
All masses require force to accelerate (we can also think of this in…
Lipták, Béla G. et al., Instrument Engineers’ Handbook – Process…
PID control can be a confusing concept to understand. Here, a brief…
Most people reading this book have likely had the experience of…
Two extremely important principles in electric circuits were codified…
The following animation shows how a radio-energy pulse travels down…
This section shows some of the many instrument symbols found in…
A very common form of on/off valve used for pneumatic and hydraulic…
Data-processing modules within FF systems are known as function…
Recall that an exothermic chemical reaction is one that releases a net…
Classical mechanics (often called Newtonian mechanics in honor of…
A unique form of differential pressure-based flow measurement deserves…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
A positive displacement flowmeter is a cyclic mechanism built to pass…
Modern DC and AC motor drives provide features useful when using…
(Will be addressed in future versions of this book)
An important performance parameter for transmitter instruments is…
A fluid is any substance having the ability to flow: to freely change…
In this section I will show screenshots from a process loop simulation…
Many traditional flowmeter technologies respond to the volumetric flow…
A design-based fortification is one rooted in technical details of…
The dispersion of visible light into its constituent colors goes all…
A proximity switch is one detecting the proximity (closeness) of some…
A limitation inherent to pneumatic valve actuators is the amount of…
A chemical reaction resulting in a net release of energy is called…
The concepts of calibration (trimming) and ranging are often difficult…
Control valves are supposed to deliver reliable, repeatable control of…
Valves can experience a number of problems, most of them either…
Disturbances in the liquid tend to complicate liquid level…
Perhaps the simplest form of solid or liquid level measurement is with…
Hydrogen ion activity in aqueous (water-solvent) solutions is a very…
One of the simplest classes of temperature sensor is one where…
Using filter cells to eliminate wavelengths associated with…
Perhaps the most basic and necessary protective relay function is…
